Himalayan Monal

Facts

IUCN LEAST CONCERN (LC)

Facts about this animal

The Himalayan Monal is a large, sturdy pheasant with a total length of about 70 cm, including the tail of 23 cm. Males weigh about 2.0-2.4 kg, females 1.8 to 2.15 kg.

The head of the male is adorned with a long crest of spatulate feathers with naked shafts. Head and crest are metallic green with a patch of metallic purple behind the ear coverts. Lores and streak behind the eye are nearly bare. The sides of neck and nape are copper-bronze, the upper parts bronze-green, the lower back white and the rump purple. The under parts are brownish black or dull black glossed with green on breast and flanks. The shorter tail-coverts are purple, more or less glossed with green on margins. The longest tail-coverts are metallic green, the under tail-coverts metallic green with dark bases. The scapulars, adjacent wing coverts and innermost secondaries are purple, secondaries tipped metallic green-blue. The primaries and outer secondaries are dark brown, secondaries glossed green on margins.

The female, like in other pheasants, is dull in colour. The feathers of head and crest are black with central streaks and edges rufous buff. Chin, throat and foreneck are white. The feathers of back and mantle are black with two buff streaks and buff edges, on the lower back buff with black bars. The under parts are brown. he upper tail coverts are buff, the longest coverts white barred with black and rufous.

In both sexes the orbital skin and bare barts of the head are blue, the iris brown, the bill is horn-coloured, and the legs yellowish or pale brownish-green, rarely lead-grey. Immatures resemble the female.

Did you know?
that the male Himalayan Monal is one of the most admired of all pheasants, perhaps mainly because of the metallic gloss of ist brightly coloured plumage. In its courtship display, as performed by this bird, the golden orange tail is raised and spread, the purplish blue wings are lowered to such and extent that the feet and legs are completely hidden, the feathers of the mantle and neck are fluffed out, showing the beautiful metallic colours to their best advantage, and the long crest formed by a tuft of racket-shaped feathers, is erected. The bird holds this position for a few seconds, motionless apart from slight movements of the head which make the crest shimmer and quiver.

Factsheet
Class	AVES
Order	GALLIFORMES
Suborder	PHASIANI
Family	PHASIANIDAE
Name (Scientific)	Lophophorus impejanus
Name (English)	Himalayan Monal
Name (French)	Lophophore resplendissant
Name (German)	Himalaya-Glanzfasan
Name (Spanish)	Monal Colirrojo
CITES Status	Appendix I
CMS Status	Not listed

Photo Copyright by
Gerald Cubitt

Distribution

Distribution
Range	Himalayas (Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Tibet, Burma(?)).
Habitat	Inhabits open coniferous or mixed forests with rhododendron and bamboo, usually in steep valleys; also recorded in and around cultivation in some areas. Above the tree-line in summer, but down to 2500 m and lower in winter.
Wild population	Not globally threatened. It is widely distributed species that is still common throughout its range in suitable habitat (Red List IUCN 2011).

In the Zoo

How this animal should be transported

For air transport, Container Note 16 of the IATA Live Animals Regulations should be followed.

Find this animal on ZooLex

Photo Copyright by
Vladimír Motyčka

Why do zoos keep this animal

The Himalayan Monal is an attractive bird, which is a good ambassador species for the conservation of Himalayan subalpine habitats. It is also kept for educational purposes as an example of the subalpine fauna of the Himalayan fauna, along with lesser pandas and Chinese muntjacs.

How this animal should be kept

The Himalayan monal is very hardy and does not suffer from cold or snow, but wet weather conditions may be a problem.

It is usually kept in outdoor aviaries of at least 18m² for one pair. The enclosure should include a shelter of at least 3m² for one pair, or at least a suitable cover to protect the birds from heavy rain and wind. The indoor housing doesn’t need to be heated in a temperate climate. A heating lamp may be useful below 0°C.

When designing an aviary it may be worth to ensure that it can be split into two sections in the event of needing to separate the birds, particularly when the hen has chicks.

Sand, natural soil or bark chips are suitable substrates for the aviary, which should be well planted with shrubs. The indoor facilities should be easy to clean and disinfect, such as concrete covered with bark chips. In and outdoors high perches must be in place to allow roosting at night.

Himalayan monals are fed a standard pheasant diet consisting of pellets mixed with wheat, fruit, and salad. Limestone or grit should be available all the time, especially in the case of bark-covered soil, together with fresh water. The food should be placed in the indoor housing or under a cover in order for it to be protected from rain. Before and during the breeding season the feed should be supplemented with vitamins and mineral powder.

The birds should be dewormed twice a year, usually in February and September.